---
title: "Gmail’s ‘Best Guess’ SPF Status- What is it and How can you avoid it? | DMARC Report"
description: "Gmail’s ‘Best Guess’ SPF Status- What is it and How can you avoid it? from DMARC Report explains practical steps for email authentication, domain protection."
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---

Quick Answer

Per RFC 7208, SPF evaluation is capped at 10 DNS mechanism lookups and 2 void lookups per check - exceeding either limit produces a \`PermError\` that fails authentication for every message from the domain. DMARC Report Gmail’s ‘Best Guess’ SPF Status- What is it and How can you avoid it? /!

Related: [Free DMARC Checker](/tools/dmarc-checker/) ·[How to Create an SPF Record](/tools/spf-record-generator/) ·[SPF Record Format](/blog/spf-format-checker-dos-and-donts-for-email-authentication/) 

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![Gmail’s ‘Best Guess’ SPF Status- What is it and How can you avoid it?](https://media.mailhop.org/dmarcreport/images/2022/04/dmarc-report-4236.jpg) 

![Dmarc analyzer 4 150x150](https://media.mailhop.org/dmarcreport/images/2024/06/dmarc-analyzer-4-150x150.jpg) 

> The shift to mandatory email authentication in 2024-2025 was the biggest change in email security in a decade, says Brad Slavin, General Manager of DuoCircle. Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft all requiring DMARC means there’s no inbox provider left that accepts unauthenticated bulk mail. Every organization needs to adapt.

Per [RFC 7208](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7208), SPF evaluation is capped at 10 DNS mechanism lookups and 2 void lookups per check - exceeding either limit produces a `PermError` that fails authentication for every message from the domain. DMARC Report

Gmail’s ‘Best Guess’ SPF Status- What is it and How can you avoid it?

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At times, Gmail guesses the SPF status of a domain that **lacks an SPF record**. While this guess is made with the good intention of not misjudging genuine emails as potentially fraudulent, but sometimes, illegitimate emails get past the [spam filters](https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/18/tech/fec-decision-rnc-gmail-spam/index.html) because of it. _So, to not give an advantage to threat actors, it’s better that you don’t create a situation for Gmail where it has to guess your SPF status_. To do this, you have to create, publish, monitor, and update an SPF record corresponding to your domain.

![Dmarc record](https://media.mailhop.org/dmarcreport/images/2024/06/dmarc-record-7614.jpg) 

## When Does Gmail Guess Your SPF Status?

Gmail generates a ‘best guess’ SPF under specific conditions. It does so when the [sender’s domain](https://www.copernica.com/en/documentation/sender-domains) doesn’t have an SPF record corresponding to it in its [DNS configuration](https://www.hivelocity.net/kb/dns-configuration-everything-you-need-to-know/). In this condition, Gmail tries to infer the \*\*SPF policy by analyzing email history and sending patterns. While not foolproof, this process allows Gmail to offer a degree of email communication.

This isn’t a \*\*dependable and concrete factor in judging the legitimacy of an email, but it enables Gmail to offer a degree of [email communication](https://dmarcreport.com/blog/secure-your-email-communication-by-achieving-the-highest-authentication-standards-with-dkim-signatures/).

Gmail has never shared the exact metrics that it uses to guess the SPF statuses of domains , but it’s assumed that it could be \*\*reverse DNS \*\*between the sender’s [IP address](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/internet-now-officially-too-big-ip-addresses-run-out-n386081) and the sending domain, email history, and emailing behaviors.

When Gmail guesses your [SPF](https://dmarcreport.com/what-is-spf/) status, you will come across the following response-

`Received- SPF:Pass(google.com: best guess record for domain of companyname@domain.com designates 12.43.77.991 as permitted sender)`

## Do Other ESPs Guess Your SPF Status Too?

As of now, only Gmail guesses SPF statuses for \*\*domains lacking SPF records\*\*. \_This means that sending emails to ESPs other than Gmail has a greater impact on deliverability\_. However, \[Yahoo\](https://autospf.com/blog/ushering-a-new-era-of-security-google-and-yahoos-take-on-email-authentication/) and \[Microsoft\](https://autospf.com/blog/new-update-microsoft-joins-forces-for-stronger-email-authentication/) have now mandated the deployment of \[DMARC\](https://dmarcreport.com/) for bulk senders, ultimately necessitating SPF, too.

## How Do You Avoid the Gmail’s Best Guess Status for Your Domains?

You need to create an SPF record and publish the policy to stop Gmail from guessing your SPF. You can choose either a [softfail or a hardfail](https://dmarcreport.com/blog/spf-softfail-or-spf-hardfail-whats-right-for-your-domain/). _As per softfail, all illegitimate or unauthorized emails sent from your domain are marked as spam at the recipients’ ends_. On the other hand, if you set the **hardfail policy**, all unsolicited and potentially [fraudulent emails](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/14/gen-ai-financial-scams-are-getting-very-good-at-duping-work-email.html) sent from your domain will get rejected at the recipients’ ends, this means they will not enter their inboxes and will bounce back to your mailbox.

![Dmarc alignment](https://media.mailhop.org/dmarcreport/images/2024/06/dmarc-alignment-14.jpg) 

Once you have created an SPF record and clearly **defined the policy**, add it to your domain’s DNS as a TXT-type record . To do this, go to your domain registrar’s control panel or [DNS management](https://www.techradar.com/news/what-is-dns-management) interface.

After creating and publishing your record, use an online [SPF lookup tool](https://www.smartlead.ai/blog/what-is-a-spf-lookup-tool-and-it-is-important-for-email-deliverability) to check its accuracy and effectiveness. _All you have to do is enter your domain name, and the tool will retrieve the corresponding SPF record to show you if there are any existing configurational and syntactical issues_. This practice ensures your SPF record is always correct and valid, fulfilling its job as an **email authenticating agent**.

To seek any assistance with the process, [reach out to us](https://dmarcreport.com/contact/).

## Topics

[ DMARC ](/tags/dmarc/)[ SPF ](/tags/spf/) 

![Vishal Lamba](https://media.mailhop.org/dmarcreport/images/team/vishal-lamba.jpg) 

[ Vishal Lamba ](/authors/vishal-lamba/) 

Content Specialist

Content Specialist at DMARC Report. Writes vendor-specific email authentication guides and troubleshooting walkthroughs.

[LinkedIn Profile →](https://www.linkedin.com/in/vishal-lamba/) 

## Take control of your DMARC reports

Turn raw XML into actionable dashboards. Start free - no credit card required.

[Start Free Trial](https://app.dmarcreport.com/) [Check Your DMARC Record](/tools/dmarc-checker/) 

## Related Articles

[  Foundational 8m  10 Critical Learnings From Verizon’s 2021 DBIR - A DMARCReport Perspective  Nov 25, 2025 ](/blog/10-critical-learnings-from-verizons-2021-dbir-a-dmarcreport-perspective/)[  Foundational 12m  10 DNS Blacklist Insights That Improve Email Security And Deliverability Fast  Nov 14, 2025 ](/blog/10-dns-blacklist-insights-to-improve-email-security-and-deliverability/)[  Foundational 12m  10 Email Spoofing Detection Tools That Dramatically Improve Brand Protection  Nov 11, 2025 ](/blog/10-email-spoofing-detection-tools-that-dramatically-improve-brand-protection/)[  Foundational 12m  10 Reasons SPF Filtering Is Critical For Email Security  Nov 19, 2025 ](/blog/10-reasons-spf-filtering-is-critical-for-email-security/)

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